Title: Staying the hell out of insert mode

Date: April 24th 2010

Back in the day, the first thing I learnt about vi was how to get into insert

mode. It was really quite essential, because without knowing how, you couldn't

actually type anything.

The secret was in the "i" command.  The `i` command was what made vi useable,

it was the alpha and the omega, vi's be-all end-all--and whenever the editor

would magically exit insert mode, panic would ensue and I'd frantically press

`i` to go back to insert-land.

I mean, what else would you want to do in a *text* editor, besides enter text?

It puzzled me for a long time.

The `i` key turned this rather archaic and obtuse program into a text-editor

which would respond predictably to keystrokes. I remember being asked from time

to time: "So what's the deal with vi?"; I'd answer something in the lines of:

"Vi? you have to press `i` to type. Also, try not to press `Esc`".

But that was then, and this is now. Today, vim is my primary editor. What

I'd like to show you, is how to stay the hell out of insert mode.

## Why stay out?

Insert mode is vi's weakest mode. In this mode, it's no better than *any other

editor*, and you may as well be using *any other editor*. Vi's true power lies

in its ‘Normal mode'. Yes, inserting text is *not* normal in vi-land. The

more time you spend in Normal mode, the more super-powers you will have.

Trust me, it doesn't get any *less* normal than Normal mode.

> Someone once argued that insert mode was actually vi's most powerful mode,

because it was the only mode in which you could insert text. He obviously

wasn't familiar with `:r`.

## How do you get the frack out?

Common knowledge states that pressing the `Esc` key will get you out of insert

mode.  This is correct. This is also not very useful. If you're going to move

in and out of insert mode all the time, you're going to want it to be as

seamless as possible. There are two other ways to get out of insert mode:

    Ctrl-[

and

    Ctrl-C

The other alternative, which I have chosen, is to map a key sequence to `Esc`.

Vi lets you map arbitrary sequences of keys to anything you like. For instance,

you could map `jj` to `Esc`. `j` is on the home row, so you don't need to move

your fingers to exit insert mode. I tried this out for a while, as well as a

couple of other alternatives. In the end, I settled for `kj`-- as it was the

fastest to type. To create this mapping, add this to your `.vimrc` file:

    inoremap kj <Esc>

Another really useful trick is switching to normal mode for a single command.

You can do this with `Ctrl-O`. For instance, say you're typing away and you

want to quickly save your work, you can type `Ctrl-O :w`, which will write the

file and put you back in insert mode.

## Learning, the hard way

How do you stop yourself from spending too much time in insert mode?

Add these key mappings to your *.vimrc*:

    inoremap <Left>  <NOP>

    inoremap <Right> <NOP>

    inoremap <Up>    <NOP>

    inoremap <Down>  <NOP>

This will make sure you don't get your little fingers on the arrow keys, and

start navigating (*gasp*) in insert mode.

## During your stay

Even though staying out of insert mode is safest, knowing what you *can* do in

this mode can be useful for the duration of your stay. I know I bashed it a

little, but it deserves some recognition for these useful commands:

- `Ctrl-Y`: insert the character right above the cursor—you can see how this can be useful...

- `Ctrl-U`: delete the current line from the cursor position.

- `Ctrl-A`: re-insert the text inserted in the previous insert session.

I hope I didn't put you off of insert mode too much. After all, as someone once

said: "it is the only mode in which you can insert".